In February 2008, Kosovo became the last region of the old Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to declare independence (formerly it had been an autonomous province). Croatia and, above all, Bosnia became embroiled in wars that took a particularly heavy toll on the civilian population, with total casualties estimated at 15-20,000 (Croatia, 1991-5) and more than 100,000 (Bosnia, 1992-1995). Over the next 15 years (1991-2006), Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Macedonia, and Montenegro all declared themselves independent states, and that was accompanied by varying degrees of violence. This led to the so-called Ten-Day War (27 June-7 July 1991) between the Slovenian Territorial Defense and the Yugoslav People’s Army, headquartered in Belgrade, Serbia. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was established in 1943 its breakup, beginning in 1991, was protracted and bloody.Īlthough the roots of the political crisis were deep, the process of dissolution began when Slovenia, one of Yugoslavia’s six constituent republics, declared independence on 25 June 1991.
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